Soil particles have different sizes. The size of every particle cannot be specifically determined. But a size range can be determined which gives a notion about soil characteristics. 

Grain size analysis using the sieve analysis method is used to know the size ranges of particles. This test method is used for soil samples that pass through 3-in. (75-mm) sieve and retains on No. 200 (75-µm) sieve.

importance of particle size distribution using sieve analysis


Scope and significance of sieve analysis of soil in civil engineering are many. Some of them are described in the following:

  • Sieve analysis is used to separate particles into different size ranges. Masses of different size ranges are quantitatively determined.
  • Sieve analysis is applicable to soil sample which contains almost no fine particles.
  • After the test, a gradation curve is drawn. The shape of the curve gives information that the sample is well graded or poorly graded or uniformly graded or gap graded. 
  • Effective size, coefficient of curvature, and coefficient of uniformity are three important parameters of soil. D10, D30, and D50 are determined from the particle size distribution curve. D10 is defined as effective size. Coefficient of uniformity can be determined from the relation Cu = D60/D10. Besides, coefficient of curvature can be found from the equation Cc = (D30)^2/ D60.D10.
  • During the construction of highways, embankments, and dams, the choice of fill materials depends on particles' sizes. The gradation of soil affects the design of drainages.
  • Dynamic compaction has different options. The selection of these options largely depends on the grain size of the soil.